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  iOS源码阅读 —— YYModel  vs  MJExtension
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  <p><code>YYModel</code>和<code>MJExtension</code>作为JSON模型转换工具，应该算是国内使用者比较多的第三方框架。相信两款都用过的开发者大有人在，我也是其中之一。既然如此，笔者便相继阅读了这两个库的主要源码，并参考<code>YYModel</code>作者<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://blog.ibireme.com/">ibireme</a>的<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://blog.ibireme.com/2015/10/23/ios_model_framework_benchmark/">《iOS JSON 模型转换库评测》</a>一文进行了的评测和展开。本文仅代表个人观点，如有异议，欢迎交流指导。</p>
<h3 id="评测对象"><a href="#评测对象" class="headerlink" title="评测对象"></a>评测对象</h3><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">pod &#x27;YYModel&#x27;, &#x27;~&gt; 1.0.4&#x27;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">pod &#x27;MJExtension&#x27;, &#x27;~&gt; 3.2.2&#x27;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>评测用例：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/a334713698/JSONModelTransformReview/tree/master/JSONModelTransformReview/GithubUserModel/user.json">GithubUser</a>、<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/a334713698/JSONModelTransformReview/tree/master/JSONModelTransformReview/WeiboModel/weibo.json">WeiboStatus</a><br>评测代码：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/a334713698/JSONModelTransformReview">https://github.com/a334713698/JSONModelTransformReview</a><br>运行环境：iOS 13.5 | iPhone XS Max</p>
<h3 id="性能"><a href="#性能" class="headerlink" title="性能"></a>性能</h3><p>性能评测的方法是两个库执行相同次数的JSON模型转换，对比二者的耗时情况。</p>
<h4 id="用例1：GithubUser"><a href="#用例1：GithubUser" class="headerlink" title="用例1：GithubUser"></a>用例1：GithubUser</h4><p><code>GithubUser</code>的数据主要类型是string，和少量的number，主要测试转换库的基本功能。<br>我们分三遍执行两个转换库的相关方法，每遍执行<u><strong>50000</strong></u>次，统计耗时毫秒数。<br>结果如下：</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Json 2 Model</th>
<th>第一次</th>
<th>第二次</th>
<th>第三次</th>
<th>遍历次数</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>MJExtension</td>
<td>1481.25 ms</td>
<td>1468.86 ms</td>
<td>1452.77 ms</td>
<td>1,550,000</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>YYModel</td>
<td>257.29 ms</td>
<td>250.48 ms</td>
<td>250.39 ms</td>
<td>1,400,000</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Model 2 Json</th>
<th>第一次</th>
<th>第二次</th>
<th>第三次</th>
<th>遍历次数</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>MJExtension</td>
<td>1182.23 ms</td>
<td>1162.47 ms</td>
<td>1173.69 ms</td>
<td>1,550,000</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>YYModel</td>
<td>382.40 ms</td>
<td>373.91 ms</td>
<td>379.84 ms</td>
<td>1,300,000</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h4 id="用例2：WeiboStatus"><a href="#用例2：WeiboStatus" class="headerlink" title="用例2：WeiboStatus"></a>用例2：WeiboStatus</h4><p>微博数据<code>WeiboStatus</code>包含大量的复杂类型，主要测试转换库在复杂数据类型情况下的性能。<br>我们分三遍执行这个方法，每遍执行<u><strong>5000</strong></u>次，统计耗时毫秒数。<br>结果如下：</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Json 2 Model</th>
<th>第一遍</th>
<th>第二遍</th>
<th>第三遍</th>
<th>遍历次数</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>MJExtension</td>
<td>4061.77 ms</td>
<td>4054.89 ms</td>
<td>4057.63 ms</td>
<td>2,290,000</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>YYModel</td>
<td>813.44 ms</td>
<td>803.64 ms</td>
<td>806.97 ms</td>
<td>2,285,000</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Model 2 Json</th>
<th>第一遍</th>
<th>第二遍</th>
<th>第三遍</th>
<th>遍历次数</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>MJExtension</td>
<td>596.46 ms</td>
<td>592.42 ms</td>
<td>589.69 ms</td>
<td>475,000</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>YYModel</td>
<td>660.04 ms</td>
<td>626.69 ms</td>
<td>615.30 ms</td>
<td>1,215,000</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h4 id="性能评测结果"><a href="#性能评测结果" class="headerlink" title="性能评测结果"></a>性能评测结果</h4><ul>
<li>每个用例的第一遍评测，都会比后两遍有稍多的用时，是因为第一遍运行，会首次创建和缓存类的类元信息和属性元信息，后两遍再运行的时候，可以直接使用缓存，减少重复生成类元和属性元造成的开销。</li>
<li>系统方法和容器使用方面：<code>MJExtension</code>主要使用的是Foundation框架的NSArray、NSDictionary，以及KVC的方法进行取值和赋值。<code>YYModel</code>主要使用了CoreFoundation框架的容器和遍历方法，通过<code>objc_msgSend</code>消息发送的方式，调用属性的<code>_setter</code>和<code>_getter</code>进行取值和赋值，部分地方还使用inline和纯C函数。</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="容错"><a href="#容错" class="headerlink" title="容错"></a>容错</h3><p>容错性主要是测试，当JSON和Model之间的数据格式不完全相同时，转换库是如何处理的，是否会产生错误或造成Crash。</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>用例 1</th>
<th>JSON属性是：数值，Model属性是：NSString</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>MJExtension</td>
<td>100 -&gt; @”100”</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>YYModel</td>
<td>100 -&gt; @”100”</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>用例 2</th>
<th>JSON属性是：数值字符串，Model属性是数值</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>MJExtension</td>
<td>@”100” -&gt; 100</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>YYModel</td>
<td>@”100” -&gt; 100</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>用例 3</th>
<th>JSON属性是时间字符串，Model属性是NSDate</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>MJExtension</td>
<td>nil，属性类型与值类型不匹配</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>YYModel</td>
<td>支持<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/ISO%208601/3910715">ISO标准时间格式</a>的时间字符串自动转成NSDate</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>用例 4</th>
<th>JSON属性是字符串，Model属性是NSValue</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>MJExtension</td>
<td>nil，属性类型与值类型不匹配</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>YYModel</td>
<td>nil，属性类型与值类型不匹配</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p><code>YYModel</code> 和 <code>MJExtension</code> 都会都属性类型与值类型进行类型检测，避免属性被赋予了错误的类型值，以避免潜在的风险。</p>
<blockquote>
<p>这里需要提一下，ibireme发布的<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/ibireme/YYModel/tree/master/Benchmark">转换库评测代码</a>发布于2015-09-18。当时<code>MJExtension</code>的最高版本应该是<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/CoderMJLee/MJExtension/releases/tag/2.5.7"><code>2.5.7版本</code></a>，此时的代码中还未添加类型检测的代码。</p>
</blockquote>
<p>对于NSDate类型的JSON数据，如果时间格式满足ISO标准，<code>YYModel</code>支持将ISO标准时间格式的字符串，转换成NSDate类型的值；而<code>MJExtension</code>会因为类型检测不匹配，为模型赋空值（nil）。</p>
<h3 id="功能"><a href="#功能" class="headerlink" title="功能"></a>功能</h3><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>功能</th>
<th align="center">MJExtension</th>
<th align="center">YYModel</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>属性名转换</td>
<td align="center">✅</td>
<td align="center">✅</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>自定义属性值转换</td>
<td align="center">✅</td>
<td align="center">✅</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>黑白名单</td>
<td align="center">✅</td>
<td align="center">✅</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Coding</td>
<td align="center">✅</td>
<td align="center">✅</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Copying</td>
<td align="center">-</td>
<td align="center">✅</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>hash/equal</td>
<td align="center">-</td>
<td align="center">✅</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>CoreData</td>
<td align="center">✅</td>
<td align="center">-</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 id="侵入性"><a href="#侵入性" class="headerlink" title="侵入性"></a>侵入性</h3><p><code>YYModel</code>、<code>MJExtension</code>都采用Category来实现，无侵入，并在方法名之前添加了前缀，与原生方法进行区分。</p>
<h3 id="结论"><a href="#结论" class="headerlink" title="结论"></a>结论</h3><p><code>YYModel</code>、<code>MJExtension</code>从逻辑上来说是相似的，都通过Category无侵入性地实现功能，且都是使用runtime动态地获取、创建和缓存类元、属性元信息，再通过对数据的遍历进行转换。具体功能上都支持自定义属性名映射和自定义属性值转换，以及方便的归档接档的方法。少部分功能，略有差异，可根据需求选取。<br>从方法/函数使用上来说，<code>MJExtension</code>使用的是Foundation框架的方法，而<code>YYModel</code>使用的是相比之下更底层的CoreFoundation框架的函数，再配合使用内联和纯C函数，能够做到比<code>MJExtension</code>更少的资源开销，从而在性能上有显著的优势。</p>
 
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